Docentes universitarios inclusivos: qué les caracteriza y cómo conciben la discapacidad / Inclusive University Teachers: What Characterizes them and how do they Think about Disability

El incremento de estudiantes con discapacidad en las universidades españo­las conlleva la necesidad de desarrollar prácticas docentes inclusivas que garanticen la par­ticipación y el aprendizaje de todo el alumnado. Con este trabajo se pretende: (1) conocer las concepciones que el profesorado universitario que ejerce prácticas docentes inclusivas tiene sobre la discapacidad; (2) analizar las razones que les motivan para tener en cuenta las necesidades de los estudiantes con discapacidad, y (3) describir las características que les definen. En el estudio participaron 42 docentes que fueron seleccionados como inclusivos por estudiantes con discapacidad de seis universidades públicas de diferentes comunida­des autónomas de España (Andalucía, Valencia y Madrid). Estos docentes pertenecían a diferentes áreas de conocimiento y todos impartían docencia en Facultades de Ciencias de la Educación. Se siguió una metodología biográfico-narrativa, mediante el uso de entrevis­tas semiestructuradas. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría del profesorado concebía la discapacidad desde el modelo social, abogando por una educación inclusiva. Entre las razones que les llevaban a responder a las necesidades de este alumnado estaban la expe­riencia previa con personas con discapacidad, el principio de igualdad y su responsabilidad como docente. Respecto a las características de estos docentes inclusivos, destacan la em­patía, el compromiso, la flexibilidad y la vocación docente

The increase in the number of students with disabilities in Spanish uni­versities implies the need to develop inclusive teaching practices that guarantee the par­ticipation and learning of all students. This work is intended: (1) to know the concep­tions that the university teaching staff who carry out inclusive teaching practices have about disability; (2) to analyze the reasons that motivate them to attend to the needs of students with disabilities, and (3) to describe the characteristics that define them. The study involved 42 faculty members who were selected as inclusive by students with disabilities from six public universities in different autonomous communities of Spain (Andalusia, Valencia and Madrid). These faculty members belonged to different areas of knowledge and all of them taught in Faculties of Educational Sciences. A biographi­cal-narrative methodology was used by using semi-structured interviews. Results indi­cated that the majority of the faculty conceived disability from the social, advocating for an inclusive education. Among the reasons that led them to approach to these students were previous experience with people with disabilities, the principle of equality and their responsibility as lecturers. Regarding the characteristics of these inclusive faculty members, empathy, commitment, flexibility and teaching vocation stand out

Revisión de guías para avanzar hacia una educación más inclusiva en los centros escolares / Review of Guidelines for moving towardsmore Inclusive Education in Schools

En los últimos años, ha habido un incremento exponencial en el número de guías, materiales e informes que se encuentran a disposición de los centros escolares para orientar su camino hacia la inclusión. Partiendo de esta realidad, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa cuyo objetivo principal ha consistido en una selección de guías sobre inclusión que resultan de utilidad para iniciar procesos de re­flexión-acción en la comunidad educativa. El análisis documental de contenido (de un total de 13 guías) ha permitido identificar los facilitadores/limitadores que posibilitan/ dificultan el avance de la inclusión. Asimismo, se han especificado los recursos/instru­mentos que ofrecen las guías para acompañar a los centros en el camino hacia una edu­cación más inclusiva. Los resultados recogen la importancia que tiene la formación del profesorado en la atención a la diversidad, la puesta en marcha de redes de colaboración y la reformulación de barreras en facilitadores. Las conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de iniciar/sostener procesos de mejora para una mayor inclusión dentro y fuera de las aulas y de dar a conocer este corpus de guías a los profesionales que están en la práctica

In recent years, a growing number of guides and reports have become available for schools to guide them on their paths towards inclusion. A qualitative study has been carried out, whose main aim was to select guides on inclusion that are useful for initiating reflection-action processes within educational community. The documentary analysis (of 13 guides in all) led to the identification of the facilitators/barriers that fa­vor/hinder the advance of inclusion. Likewise, the resources/instruments offered by the guides have been specified in order to support schools on their journeys towards a more inclusive education. The results reflect the importance of teacher training in dealing with diversity, the implementation of collaborative networks and the reformulation of barri­ers into facilitators. The conclusions point to the need to initiate/sustain improvement processes for greater inclusion within and outside the classroom, and to make this cor­pus of guidance known to practitioners

Using Telepractice to Deliver Pediatric Voice Care in a Changing World: Breaking down Challenges and Learning from Successes.

For children with voice disorders, access to care has long been a challenge. Reasons for this include the challenge of qualifying children with isolated voice disorders for services within the public-school system as well as a family's geographic proximity to experienced clinicians who are in the healthcare system. Over the past decade, there have been both formal and informal investigations into the use of telepractice to deliver services to communicatively disordered children and adults, including those with voice disorders. Although barriers and obstacles existed, use of telepractice to deliver such services demonstrated both feasibility and, in some studies, effective outcomes. However, prior to spring of 2020, use of telepractice to deliver speech pathology services was not mainstream. This changed when the nation was forced to shut down many of its in-person healthcare and educational delivery due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article summarizes select relevant literature pertaining to the use of telepractice in speech language pathology over the past decade and provides a case-based discussion of how it was and is currently being used to deliver pediatric voice care.

Effects of an Inclusive Physical Activity Program on the Motor Skills, Social Skills and Attitudes of Students with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study investigated the effects of an inclusive physical activity (IPA) program on the motor and social skills and attitudes of students with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study sample consisted of 45 ASD and typical development (TD) students aged between 6 and 11 years. The students were randomly divided into two groups: a training group consisting of 27 students (n = 13 with ASD and n = 14 with TD) and a control group consisting of 18 students (n = 9 with ASD and n = 9 with TD). In conclusion, the IPA program increased the motor and social skills of the ASD students and improved the motor skills of the TD students and positively affected their attitudes towards the ASD students.

Descriptive study of young disabled children aged 2-6, enrolled in mainstream schools, and benefiting from special needs assistants in the Bouches-du-Rhône in 2014.

BACKGROUND: Since the law of February 11, 2005, in France, the number of children with disabilities enrolled in ordinary schools has increased steadily. As a result, the amount of personal support provided by a special needs assistant (personal support) is also increasing. The aim of the study was to describe the diseases and impairments of disabled children aged 2-6, enrolled in mainstream schools and benefiting from personal support for schooling by special needs assistants in the Bouches-du-Rhône (France) in 2014. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Children included were benefiting from either an individual or shared personal support. Physicians from the territorial organization in charge of disability coded diseases and deficiencies using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, and nomenclature inspired by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. RESULTS: Medical data were coded for 990 children out of 1260 of the total population. These young disabled children were most frequently children with pervasive developmental disorders (23.3%), lack of expected normal physiological development (19.9%), or mixed specific developmental disorders (13.5%), and most often had behavioral, personality, and relational skills disorders (61.8%), psychomotor function impairments (51.9%), or written or oral language learning impairment (43.2%). Finally, the two main types of impairments most represented among these children were psychological impairments (86.7%) and language and speech impairments (79.8%). The children were most often supported by an individual personal support (for one child only) than by a shared personal support (60% vs. 40%). They were mainly boys (almost 75%). CONCLUSION: This study provides working guidelines for the management of health policies relating to disability at the territorial or even national level.

The Association Between Autism Spectrum Traits and the Successful Transition to Mainstream Secondary School in an Australian School-Based Sample.

The transition to secondary school is an important educational milestone impacting wellbeing and academic achievement. Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be vulnerable during transition however little is known about how Autism Spectrum (AS) traits influence transition outcomes. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine how AS traits were associated with four indicators of successful transition in a school-based sample of 51 students. Higher AS traits were associated with lower quality of life, school belonging and mental health, however the hypothesised decline after school transition was not supported. Characteristics of both the primary and secondary school appeared to be contributing to the wellbeing of students with high AS traits which could be clarified by further investigation with a larger sample.

Necessidades do bebê com deficiência física na creche: a percepção de educadoras / Necesidades del bebé con discapacidad física en la guardería: percepción de educadoras / The needs of children with physical disabilities in day care: the perception of educators

RESUMO. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de educadoras frente às necessidades de duas bebês com deficiência física em contexto de inclusão na creche. Realizou-se um estudo de caso múltiplo, com seis educadoras que atendiam a turma de Mariana (24 meses), e quatro educadoras que atendiam a turma de Vitória (18 meses), as quais responderam uma entrevista semiestruturada. Ambas as bebês tinham deficiência física e frequentavam escolas de educação infantil da rede pública de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram analisados através de diversas leituras do material, produzindo um relato clínico. Em relação à Mariana, as educadoras destacaram a necessidade de estímulo e de suporte físico à bebê, bem como a importância do afeto na relação educadora-bebê, presente em um 'olhar a mais', mais sensível. Quanto à Vitória, as educadoras reforçaram a importância da integração entre as áreas da saúde e da educação, assim como de um olhar mais atento às diferentes necessidades da bebê com deficiência. A partir dos resultados, foi possível compreender nesse 'olhar a mais', destacado pelas educadoras como necessário para atender à demanda das bebês com deficiência física, uma exigência de maior disponibilidade corporal e psíquica.

RESUMEN. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la percepción de educadoras frente a las necesidades del bebé con discapacidad física en el contexto de inclusión en la guardería. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple, cuyas participantes fueron seis educadoras que atendían a la clase de Mariana, y cuatro educadoras que atendían a la clase de Vitória, las cuales respondieron una entrevista semiestructurada. Ambas bebés tenían deficiencia física y frecuentaban escuelas de Educación Infantil de la red pública de la ciudad de Porto Alegre/Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados a través de diversas lecturas del material, produciendo un relato clínico. En cuanto a Mariana, 24 meses, las educadoras destacaron la necesidad de estímulo y de soporte físico a la bebé, así como la importancia del afecto en la relación educadora-bebé, que hace presente en una 'mirada a más', más sensible. En cuanto a Vitória, 18 meses, las educadoras reforzaron la importancia de la integración entre las áreas de la salud y la educación, así como de una mirada más atenta a las diferentes necesidades de la bebé con discapacidad. A partir de los resultados, fue posible comprender en esa 'mirada a más', destacada por las educadoras como necesario para atender a la demanda de los bebés con discapacidad física, una exigencia de mayor disponibilidad corporal y psíquica.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the perception of educators regarding the needs of two babies with physical disabilities in the context of inclusion in the day care center. A multiple-case study was carried out. The participants were six educators who oversaw Mariana's class, and four educators who oversaw Vitoria's class, and all 10 educators answered a semi-structured interview. Both babies were physically disabled and attended public schools in Porto Alegre/Brazil. The data were analyzed through several readings of the material, which resulted in a clinical report. In relation to Mariana (age 24 months) the educators emphasized the baby's need for stimuli and physical support, as well as the importance of affection in the educator-baby relationship, which was present as a more sensitive 'extra thought'. As for Vitória (age 18 months), educators reinforced the importance of integration between the health and education fields, as well as closer attention to the different needs of the disabled baby. Based on the results, it was possible to observe within that 'extra thought' - highlighted by the educators as necessary to fulfill the needs of babies with physical disabilities - a demand for greater physical and psychic availability.

La paz en la diversidad: análisis sobre la inclusión a la inversa en contextos educativos / Peace in diversity: analysis about reverse inclusion in educational contexts

En el presente artículo se demuestra la importancia de la construcción de cultura de paz, de niños y niñas de quinto de primaria en la Institución Educativa Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur en el año 2018. Para la escritura del marco teórico se tuvo en cuenta el concepto cultura de paz y algunas fuentes de expertos sobre el tema, las cuales definen y mencionan la responsabilidad del Estado y la escuela en lo correspondiente a la formación moral para lograr desarrollar una cultura de paz. Asimismo, el estudio se acoge a un paradigma cualitativo de corte descriptivo y se orienta bajo el tipo de investigación etnográfica. Las técnicas de recolección de información aplicadas para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos son: la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el grupo focal. Entre los resultados relevantes, se destaca que las unidades de análisis mismas concluyen que las acciones violentas no dan solución a los problemas que se presentan en el escenario educativo

This article demonstrates the importance of building a culture of peace for boys and girls in the fifth grade of the Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur Educational Institution in 2018. For the writing of the theoretical framework, the concept of the culture of peace and some sources of experts on the subject, which define and mention the responsibility of the State and the school, in what corresponds to the moral formation to develop a culture of peace. Likewise, the study follows a qualitative descriptive paradigm and is oriented under the type of ethnographic research. The information-gathering techniques applied to fulfill the proposed objectives are participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the focus group. From the relevant results, it is highlighted that the units of the analysis themselves conclude that violent actions do not provide a solution to the problems that arise in the educational setting

Programa educativo de integración del movimiento mediante el juego en Educación Infantil / Educational play-based movement integration program in Early Childhood Education: evaluation and analysis

Los métodos educativos de integración del movimiento son reconocidos como potenciadores de la actividad física, de las funciones ejecutivas y del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, el impacto de estas metodologías sobre la cognición y la actividad física en Educación Infantil ha sido poco estudiado. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el efecto de un programa educativo de integración del movimiento basado en el juego en esta etapa, evaluando sus efectos sobre los niveles de actividad física de los niños. Participaron 134 alumnos de 5 años de la provincia de Málaga. Se diseñó e implementó un programa de integración del movimiento basado en actividades de juego motor semi-dirigido que cambiaban cada quince minutos, en las cuales se trabajaron contenidos académicos. Se evaluó la cantidad e intensidad de actividad física mediante acelerometría (Actigraph GT3X). Durante su participación en el programa, los niños realizaron una media de 45,65 minutos de actividad física moderada-vigorosa. El porcentaje más alto corresponde a la actividad sedentaria y a la actividad moderada-vigorosa respectivamente, lo cual concuerda con estudios que afirman que la actividad de los niños pequeños consiste en ráfagas cortas de actividad moderada-vigorosa intercaladas con períodos de menor intensidad. Los datos muestran que el juego como método de integración del movimiento contribuye a alcanzar los niveles de actividad recomendados por las organizaciones internacionales. Nuestros resultados apoyan el uso del juego semi-dirigido como una herramienta especialmente útil para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Infantil y para el aumento de la actividad física del alumnado

Educational movement integration methods have been recognized as enhancers of physical activity, executive functions and learning. However, the impact of these methodologies on cognition and physical activity in Early Childhood Education has been little studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of an educational play-based movement integration program at this stage, evaluating its effects on children's physical activity levels. A total of 134 5-year-old students from the province of Malaga participated. We designed and implemented a movement integration program based on semi-directed motor play activities that changed every fifteen minutes, in which academic content was worked on. The amount and intensity of physical activity was evaluated using accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X). During their participation in the program, children carried out an average of 45.65 minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity. The highest percentage corresponds to sedentary activity and moderate-vigorous activity respectively, which is consistent with other studies that state the activity of young children consists of short bursts of moderate-vigorous activity interspersed with less-intensity periods. Data shows that play as a movement integration method contributes to reaching the activity levels recommended by international organizations. Our results support the use of semi-directed play as an especially useful tool for the improvement of the teaching-learning process in Early Childhood Education and for increasing students' physical activity

Understanding Our Peers with Pablo: Exploring the Merit of an Autism Spectrum Disorder De-stigmatisation Programme Targeting Peers in Irish Early Education Mainstream Settings.

The political drive for inclusion means there are increasing numbers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) being educated alongside their neurotypical peers. Pervasive victimisation has prompted the development of peer interventions targeting stigma. This study evaluated the 'Understanding Our Peers with Pablo' programme for effects on knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions of infant schoolchildren (N = 222) towards autistic peers. Classes were randomly assigned to an intervention or waitlist control condition. Change over time in knowledge of autism and attitudes and behavioural intentions towards familiar and unfamiliar peers was analysed using mixed analyses of variance. The intervention condition showed gains in knowledge and increased positive attitudes towards unfamiliar autistic peers (maintained over three-months). There were significant improvements in attitudes towards familiar autistic peers, and time-limited decreases in behavioural intentions across both conditions. Overall, results support the use of this programme in early-years education.

Entre exílio e exclusão: um dispositivo de acolhimento para os alunos com múltiplas expulsões no Ensino Fundamental / Entre el exilio y la exclusión: un dispositivo de recepción para alumnos poli-excluidos en Instituto de Educación Secundaria / Between exile and exclusion: a reception device for poly-excluded pupils in secondary school / Entre exil et exclusion: un dispositif d'accueil pour les élèves poly- exclus en Collège

Este texto trata de uma pesquisa-ação realizada num colégio da região de Île-de-France. Seu objetivo consistia em transformar as práticas da equipe pedagógica para melhor acolher os estudantes expulsos de estabelecimentos escolares vizinhos. Os atores desse projeto se reuniram durante um ano escolar inteiro, em três modalidades: a equipe pluridisciplinar se reunia regularmente em grupos de análise de práticas; havia grupos de conversa mensais destinados aos adolescentes; assembleias gerais que ocorreram ao longo do ano. Mostraremos como os objetos mediadores, que são objetos investidos cultural e subjetivamente, uma vez que foram escolhidos pelos participantes, contribuíram como elementos de reflexão, para a constituição de uma cultura grupal e para a elaboração de laços entre os percursos de exílio e de exclusão entre os estudantes. O processo mutativo proporcionou que a função formadora desses grupos se exercesse em três dimensões: juntos aos jovens participantes, junto às equipes que se sentiam melhor sustentadas e também para a instituição reconhecida em sua potencialidade instituinte.

Este texto se basa en una investigación-acción realizada en un colegio de la región de Île-de-France. El objetivo era transformar las prácticas del equipo docente, para acomodar mejor a los escolares excluidos de los establecimientos vecinos. Los actores de este proyecto se reunieron durante un año escolar de tres maneras: el equipo multidisciplinario se reunió regularmente en grupos para analizar las prácticas; en grupos focales mensuales para adolescentes; las reuniones generales puntuaron el año. Mostraremos cómo los objetos mediadores, aquí objetos culturales y subjetivamente cargados porque elegidos expresamente por los participantes, han contribuido con tantas áreas de reflexión a la constitución de una cultura grupal y al desarrollo de vínculos entre los caminos del exilio y exclusiones. El proceso mutativo así iniciado ha permitido que la función formativa de estos grupos se ejerza en tres dimensiones: con los jóvenes que están registrados en ellos, con equipos que pueden sentirse apoyados y con la institución reconocida en su potencial institucional.

This text is based on an Action-Research conducted in a secondary school. The objective was to transform the practices of the educational team, so that it was possible to better accommodate schoolchildren excluded from neighboring establishments. The actors of this project were brought together during a school year according to three methods: the multidisciplinary team met regularly in groups to analyze practices; monthly focus groups were offered for teens; general meetings punctuated the year. We will show how mediating objects, here culturally and subjectively charged objects, that were expressly chosen by the participants, have contributed for reflection leading to the constitution of a group culture and to the development of links between the paths of exile and college exclusions. The mutative process thus initiated has enabled the formative function of these groups to be possible in three dimensions: with the students who are registered with them, with teams who can thus feel supported, and with the institution recognized in its instituting potential.

Ce texte s'appuie sur une recherche-action menée dans un collège francilien. L'objectif était la transformation des pratiques de l'équipe pédagogique, afin qu'elle soit en mesure de mieux accueillir les collégiens exclus d'établissements voisins. Les acteurs de ce projet ont été réunis pendant une année scolaire selon trois modalités : l'équipe pluridisciplinaire s'est régulièrement réunie en groupes d'analyse des pratiques ; des groupes de parole mensuels étaient destinés aux adolescents ; des assemblées générales ont ponctué l'année. Nous montrerons comment les objets médiateurs, ici des objets chargés culturellement et subjectivement car expressément choisis par les participants, ont contribué comme autant de surfaces de réflexion, à la constitution d'une culture groupale et à l'élaboration des liens entre les parcours d'exils et d'exclusions des collégiens. Le processus mutatif ainsi engagé a permis que la fonction formative de ces groupes s'exerce selon trois dimensions : auprès des jeunes qui y sont inscrits, auprès des équipes qui peuvent ainsi se sentir soutenues, et auprès de l'institution reconnue dans sa potentialité instituante.

Early Interventionists' Appraisals of Intervention Strategies for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Peers in Inclusive Childcare Classrooms.

Mounting evidence supports several naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBI) for toddlers and preschoolers within inclusive childcare centers and preschools. However, these interventions pose many barriers to community implementation. As part of a larger project to create an adapted NDBI for early educators in childcare centers, we surveyed 101 early interventionists who had worked with a toddler with autism within the last 12 months. Early interventionists rated 22-of-31 NDBI strategies to be significantly more effective for All Toddlers versus Toddlers with Autism. However, when comparing the top 10 rated strategies between groups, there was a large degree of overlap. Moreover, many of these highly rated NDBI strategies are consistent with best practice accreditation and early education standards within the United States.

A Meta-analysis of Challenging Behavior Interventions for Students with Developmental Disabilities in Inclusive School Settings.

Challenging behavior is a significant barrier in accessing the general education curriculum for students with developmental disabilities. This necessitates the identification of evidence-based practices for addressing challenging behavior in inclusive settings. The purpose of our meta-analysis is to (a) quantify the magnitude of effect of interventions targeting the reduction of challenging behavior in students with developmental disabilities in inclusive educational settings and (b) determine if participant and intervention characteristics moderate intervention effects. A systematic search of academic databases was conducted to identify studies, which were evaluated for methodological rigor and analyzed for effects using Tau-U. Results indicate a strong overall effect of .94 (95% CI [.87, 1]) and moderating variables associated with behavior topography, interventionist, and intervention components were identified.

Evaluation of a Transition to University Programme for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Applying to university can be an anxiety-provoking time for many autistic students, though enrolment can be increased by actively involving them in transition planning. We provide an evaluation of a transition to university pilot programme (Autism Summer School) for autistic students (16-19 years) who are seeking to apply/attend university. The content focused on introducing students to various aspects of university life including academic (sample lectures), social (e.g., clubs and societies), and daily living (eating in university canteen and staying in student accommodation). Students' quantitative and qualitative feedback are positive and promising, showing significant reduction across a range of concerns related to transition to university after the programme, as well as general optimism related to starting university.

Promoção do uso racional de medicamentos no contexto dos 3º e 4º ciclos da educação de jovens e adultos / Promotion of the rational use of medicines in the context of the 3th and 4th cycles of youth and adult education / Promoción del uso racional de medicamentos en el context de los 3º y 4º ciclos de educación juvenil y adulta

Introdução: O alto consumo de medicamentos no Brasil impulsiona o desenvolvimento de estratégias para promoção do uso racional dos mesmos, especialmente em população mais vulneráveis. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil socioeconômico, demográfico e farmacoterapêutico dos alunos incluídos na presente pesquisa; bem como, promover atividades de educação em saúde.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, quantitativa e descritiva realizada com 33 alunos do terceiro e quarto ciclos do programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos de uma escola pública de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário, ficha de medicamentos e atividades de educação em saúde. Resultados:A maioria dos estudantes jovens e adultos com idade abaixo de 60 anos(75,7%), predominando o sexo feminino(69,6%)e parda(63,3%). Quase metade dos participantes é constituída de desempregados(45,5%). Parte dos alunos(39,9%) afirmaram ter renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. Para realização desse projeto foram efetuadas atividades que proporcionavam, através de metodologias ativas, a educação e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos e o autocuidado. Quanto ao perfil farmacoterapêutico observa-se interações medicamentosas entre anti-hipertensivos, hipoglicemiantes, anti-tireoidiano e medicamentos isentos de prescrição, apresentando presença de automedicação. As classes medicamentosas predominantes foram os analgésicos, anti-hipertensivos, anti-inflamatórios,antiácidos e hipoglicemiantes. Conclusões:O desenvolvimento de práticas educativas no âmbito da Educação de Jovens e Adultos incentivam o diálogo e a participação dos envolvidos, com grande potencial para ampliação do acesso às informações associadas ao autocuidado em saúde em suas famílias, escola e comunidade (AU).

Introduction:The high consumption of medicines in Brazil drives the development of strategies to promote their rational use, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Objective:Draw the socioeconomic, demographic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of the students included in this research; as well as promoting health education activities. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive epidemiological research carried out with 33 students from the third and fourth cycles of the Youth and Adult Education program of a public school in João Pessoa-PB. The data were collected through a form, medication form and health education activities. Results:The majority of young and adult students under the age of 60 (75.7%), predominantly female (69.6%) and brown (63.3%). Almost half of the participants are unemployed (45.5%). Part of the students (39.9%) said they had a monthly income of up to one minimum wage. In order to carry out this project, activities were carried out that provided, through active methodologies, education and promotion of the rational use of medicines and self-care. Regarding the pharmacotherapeutic profile, drug interactions are observed between antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, anti-thyroid agents and non-prescription drugs, with the presence of self-medication. The predominant drug classes were analgesics, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatories, antacids and hypoglycemic agents. Conclusions:The development of educational practices within the scope of Youth and Adult Education encourages dialogue and the participation of those involved, with great potential for expanding access to information associated with self-care in health in their families, school and community (AU).

Introducción: El alto consumo de medicamentos en Brasil impulsa el desarrollo de estrategias para promover su uso racional, especialmente en las poblaciones más vulnerables. Objetivo:Dibujar el perfil socioeconómico, demográficoy farmacoterapéutico de los estudiantes incluidos en esta investigación; así como promover actividades de educación para la salud. Metodología:Esta es una investigación epidemiológica transversal, cuantitativa y descriptiva realizada con 33 estudiantes del tercer y cuarto ciclo del programa de Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos de una escuela pública en João Pessoa-PB. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario, formulario de medicamentos y actividades de educación para la salud.Resultados:La mayoría de los estudiantes jóvenes y adultos menores de 60 años (75.7%), predominantemente mujeres (69.6%) y marrones (63.3%). Casi la mitad de los participantes están desempleados (45,5%). Parte de los estudiantes (39.9%) dijeron que tenían un ingreso mensual de hasta un salario mínimo. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se llevaron a cabo actividades que proporcionaron, a través de metodologías activas, educación y promoción del uso racional de medicamentos y autocuidado. En cuanto al perfil farmacoterapéutico, se observan interacciones farmacológicas entre fármacos antihipertensivos, agentes hipoglucemiantes, agentes antitiroideos y medicamentos sin receta, con presencia de automedicación. Las clases de drogas predominantes fueron analgésicos, antihipertensivos, antiinflamatorios, antiácidos y agentes hipoglucemiantes. Conclusiones:El desarrollo de prácticas educativas en el ámbito de la educación de jóvenes y adultos fomenta el diálogo y la participación de los involucrados, con un gran potencial para ampliar el acceso a la información asociada con el autocuidado en salud en sus familias, escuelas y comunidades (AU).

Interventions for students with autism in inclusive settings: A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis.

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasingly educated alongside typically developing peers in regular education environments. These students have impairments that may hinder their success in inclusive school settings and require individualized supports to improve outcomes. The purpose of this meta-analysis and best-evidence synthesis is to examine the characteristics of interventions for students with ASD in inclusive settings, offer quantitative analysis of intervention effects, examine potential moderating variables that influence outcomes, analyze the social validity of these interventions, and provide recommendations for practice and future research. The 28 included studies met the What Works Clearinghouse standards for group design and single-case design research. Studies focused mostly on social communication skills, produced moderate to large effects, and were generally found to be socially valid. Function-based interventions, visual supports, self-monitoring strategies, and peer-mediated interventions resulted in mostly large effects, and teacher delivered interventions produced the largest overall effects. More high-quality studies for students with ASD in inclusive school settings are needed to advance evidence-based practice for this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Teachers' perceptions of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRBs) in children with ASD: Attributions, confidence and emotional response.

BACKGROUND: Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRBs) are some of the most difficult behaviours to manage in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Although RRBs frequently occur in educational settings, we know little about the way in which teachers understand these behaviours. AIMS: The study aimed to explore the attributions, emotional response and feelings of confidence held by teachers working in different educational settings when faced with RRBs. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A single group survey design using behavioural vignettes was adopted in order to elicit teacher beliefs and ratings. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Analysis indicated that there were differences in the attributions and confidence ratings held for different types of RRBs. Significant differences were also observed between teachers working in mainstream and specialist educational settings. Emotional response and confidence scores were often predictive of one another alongside factors related to teaching experience. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The findings indicate that teachers from mainstream schools potentially hold less helpful beliefs in response to RRBs and therefore are a professional group who may benefit the most from additional support and training. Further research could consider conducting a qualitative exploration of why teachers hold certain beliefs about RRBs and/or sampling those who are less experienced in working with children with ASD.

Outcomes of children receiving Group-Early Start Denver Model in an inclusive versus autism-specific setting: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

A major topic of debate is whether children with autism spectrum disorder should be educated in inclusive or specialized settings. We examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of delivering the Group-Early Start Denver Model to children with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive versus specialized classrooms. We randomly assigned 44 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder to receive the Group-Early Start Denver Model across one school calendar year in classrooms that included only children with autism spectrum disorder or mostly children who were typically developing. Blind-rated indicators of teaching quality showed similar results across settings, which were above the local benchmark. Children showed improvements across blinded proximal measures of spontaneous vocalization, social interaction, and imitation and across distal measures of verbal cognition, adaptive behavior, and autism symptoms irrespective of intervention setting. Mothers of participants experienced a reduction in stress irrespective of child intervention setting. Across both settings, age at intervention start was negatively associated with gains in verbal cognition. Delivery of Group-Early Start Denver Model in an inclusive setting appeared to be feasible, with no significant differences in teaching quality and child improvements when the program was implemented in inclusive versus specialized classrooms.

Informe de Rotación Electiva 2019

El presente documento tiene como objetivo hacer una descripción de la experiencia de rotación electiva en el exterior del país. En él se incluye una fundamentación del área de interés, las actividades realizadas durante la rotación, los objetivos propuestos, los aportes brindados a la sede de rotación, se mencionan algunos de los obstáculos y dificultades y se realiza una sistematización de los diversos aprendizajes realizados, principalmente aquellos que abonen al campo de la educación y promoción de la salud. El lugar de rotación elegido fue la organización de Artes Multiculturales para Escuelas y Comunidades (en inglés MASC: Multicultural Arts for Schools and Communities) ubicada en la ciudad de Ottawa, provincia de Ontario, Canadá; ciudad principalmente Angloparlante. El período de rotación comprendió del día 02 de septiembre al 01 de noviembre del 2019, un total de dos meses. (AU)